municative ph u-proverbs & sayings. 3ph units with combined function:-interjectional ph units,-modal ph units (as sure as I'm sitting here). Acc to the character:-expression with a variable verbal or nominal elements (not to stir lift a finger), - expression with variable pronominal element (to pull sb ' s leg), - expr which combines 2 types of variability (to give so (nom) a piece of one's mind (pronom). Альохіна - ph u divided into14 core patterns. Most productive-1N + N (foot-force) , 2 Adj + N (heavy father), 3 N + Adj (to bleed white), 4 Npossessive case + N (the devil's delight), 5V + N (kick the bucket), 6 Prep + N, 7 N + prep + N (the king-of birds-eagle), 8 Adv + Adj (so so), 9 Adj + Adj (pretty good), 10 V + Adj (to go wild). Each of these patters has certain derivational ability.
Affixa tion & Compounding . Process of making wrds. The most productive ways of w-building. Aff-n -formation of wrds by adding derivational af-s to dif types of stems. 2 degrees-if wrd is formed by the application of 1 deriv af-1 st degree, if 2 stages of coining-2 nd (haste-hasty-hastily). Subdiv into suffixation, prefixation. In ModE suf-n is mostly character of N and adj formation, pref-n-of V. Suf-es-more imp in different-ing PSp. S-x - morpheme that follows a stem. 1 Acc to what PSp added :-N-forming (ment, eer, er),-adj-froming (nt, full),-Verbal (fy),-Adv-f (ly, wards ), Numeral (teen, ty, fold). 2 Acc to what kind of stem added :-diverbal (reader, able, ing),-dinominal (to N, handful, girlish, beautiful),-diadject (bluish, ly). Acc to stylistic reference :-neutral, occur in wrds of dif lex-styl layers, (ish, dom),-styl colored, terms (asteroid, diminutive-birdy,, aunty). 3 Acc to productivity: -Productive (for prod neologisms, ness, ly),-non-prod (no neologisms, ous),-dead (origin may be defined by means of diachron analys, litt < u> le -very litt). Pr-x - affix that precedes the stem. Acc to stem :-diverbal (remake),-dinominal (unbutton),-diparticipial (unknown). Acc to semantic :-negative (un, non, in),-reversetive (dis, un),-pejorative (misinform, pseudoscientific),-pref of time, order (pre-war, post- war),-p. of repetition (re-), - of locative meaning (super, trans, sub). Acc to styl reference :-neutral (outlive, outdo),-colored, mostly bookish (supermodern, by-lingual). Acc to degree of produc-ty :-produc (aneol-sms, re, post, super),-non-prod (dis, mis, fore),-dead (make reveal through etimol analysis, appear, accept). Pref & suf may have dif lex-sem categories, polysemantic (stony, bushy-dif meanings, but of qualityapolysemy). Synonymy of aff: er-reflects a more general action, ist-doer of an action in the sphere of politivs. Er, eer-variants (1-neutral, 2-negative connot). Acc to origin :-native (dom, hood),-foreign (Fr, Latin). Many modern native-from OE aff. Derivat & Funct aff . Similarities-they are often homonymous. Funct aff serve to convey gram m. -> Build dif forms of 1 wrd. (Nerar-nearer-nearest). Dervi aff-to supply stem with components of lex m. -> Form dif wrds.Ex: suff-y creates adj from N stems, but lex m. is dif (bushy-full of, stony-composed of). In the system of E wrds-hybrid wrds (wrds made up of elements derived from dif lang-s), based on 2 dif patterns:-foreign stem + native aff (color (Latin) + less),-native + foreign (drinkable ). Compound wrd - consist of 2-3 stems, main quality-integrity. Subdivided:-endocentric,-exocentric. Endoc. char-zed by attrib relations within components-in a structure can distinguish a 1determinant & 2determinatum (1sun2set, 1door2bell). Exoc-sbj of idiomaticity, no logical center (killjoy). B w 1 & 2 many semant relations exist:-functional (raincoat),-local (garden party-party in a garden),-comparison (gold fish),-temporal (night club),-sex denoting (she- goat). Debates about principles of differentiation b w CW & phrase. aDif criteria (non-effective). Graphic c : if a wrd has a solid spelling-wrd, if a unit written separately-phrase. ? But we can spell diff-ly (ice-cream, ice cream). Phonological ( Bloomfield ): if a single stress-wrd, if a double stress-wrd-combination. ? But many wrds with double stress (self-control). Or the position of a stress may indicate 2 dif meanings (blackboard-compound, black board-w comb). Semantic (Jespersen, Kroisinger): if a unite-idiomatica compound (chatterbox), if not-w-comb (doorbell). Morphological : if no addit attrib can be added to a d-ntaCW (a very blackbird). C of transformation is used to define the degree of isiomaticity of a CW-non-idiom are easily transformed, idiomatic-not (toothpaste-...
