sity of the corresponding kinds of people s activity and on the degree of changes in the way of life of the society . It is worth mentioning that for the last time it gets more complicated to separate exactly terminological and current vocabulary as the wide usage of everyday technique is followed by the penetration of the great amount of the technical words in the everyday vocabulary. Popular-science TV-programs and articles of media also help the appearance of diffusion of words into the everyday colloquial speech. In general, according to the laws of language development there exist mechanisms which regulate the addition and anewing of the vocabulary thanks to the semantical innovations, supporting them in corresponding activity. Some of the new meanings of the old words become an integral part of the language, the others can find the resistance in the language usage.
2. Neologisms in contemporary system of language and speech
.1 Using of the neologisms in different spheres of human activity
There are many factors, which shape the development of language and have influence on it. All progressive things in different aspects and spheres of life reflected the vocabulary and language itself. Neologisms tend to occur more often in cultures which are rapidly changing, and also in situations where there is easy and fast propagation of information. Neologisms often become popular by way of mass media the Internet or word of mouth Every word in a language was, at some time, a neologism, though most of these ceased to be such through time and acceptance. As for the time of criteria for seclusion of new-foundation and neologism exactly to decide it is impossible, it has a sense to use subjective criteria: if it receive the collective language consciousness this or that lexical unit as a new. p align="justify"> The new-foundation, if it results in periphery, as it gets more fasten demands and unchangeable in word fond. New-foundations (neologisms) presented in the language of science, techniques, art, politic, and in the same time as a neologism in speaking language. So we can distinguish the following types of neologisms:
В· Scientific - words or phrases created to describe new scientific discoveries or inventions. Examples:
oblack hole (1968). A black hole is a concentration of mass great enough that the force of gravity prevents anything from escaping from it except through quantum tunneling behavior.
olaser (1960). A LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) is an optical source that emits photons in a coherent beam.
oquark (1960). Quarks are one of the two basic constituents of matter in the Standard Model of particle physics
oradar (1941). It is a system used to detect, range (determine the distance of), and map objects such as aircraft and rain
oposterized Posterization occurs when a region of an image with a continuous gradation of tone is replaced with several regions of fewer tones, resulting in an abrupt change from one tone to another. This creates an effect somewhat similar to that of a simple graphic poster
obeetle bank (early 1990s). In agriculture a beetle bank is a strip of grass or perennials in a field that provide habitat which fosters and provides cover for insects hostile to pests. They are used as a form of biological pest control to reduce or replace the use of insecticides concepts created to describe new, futuristic ideas. Examples:
В· Ringworld (1971) Ringworld is a Hugo and Nebula award-winning 1970 science fiction novel by Larry Niven set in his Known Space universe. The work is widely considered one of the classics of science fiction literature. It is followed by three sequels, and it ties in to numerous other books in the Known Space universe. p> В· Dyson Sphere (Circa 1960) A Dyson sphere is a hypothetical megastructure first described in 1960 by the physicist Freeman Dyson in a short paper published in the journal Science entitled "Search for Artificial Stellar Sources of Infra-Red Radiation". Another examples:
В· cyperspace <# "justify"> Political - words or phrases created to make some kind of political or rhetorical point. Example:
В· political correctness (1990). Political correctness (also politically correct, PC or PC) is a term used in English-speaking countries to describe real or perceived attempts to impose limits on the acceptable language and terms used in public discussion. While it usually refers to a linguistic phenomenon, it is sometimes extended to cover political ideology or public behavior.
В· sie and hir (Neologisms). Sie and hir are two terms proposed to serve as gender-neutral third person singular personal pronouns in English . These neolog...
