vocal cords, consonants are divided into voiced and voiceless.
b) According to the force of articulation, consonants are divided into fortis (or relatively strong), and lenis (or relatively weak). English voiced consonants are lenis (relatively weak). The following English consonants are voiced and lenis: [b], [d], [g], [g], [v], [d], [z], [z], [m], [n], [ n], [w], [i], [r], [j]. Turkish voiceless consonants are weaker than their English counterparts, and Turkish voiced consonants are a little stronger.English voiceless consonants are fortis (relatively strong). They are pronounced with greater muscular tension and a stronger breath force than the voiced ones. The English voiceless consonants are: [p, t, k, f, T, s, C, S, h].
3.
Voiceless consonant (surd) Voiced equivalent [p] (pin) [b] (bin) [t] (ten) [d] (den) [k] (con) [g] (gone ) [t? ] (Chin) [d? ] (Gin) [f] (fan) [v] (van) [? ] (Thin, thigh) [? ] (Then, thy) [s] (sip) [z] (zip) [? ] (Pressure) [? ] (Pleasure) to the position of the soft palateto the position of the soft palate, all English consonants are devided into two groups: nasal and sonorants.consonants are produced when the soft palate is lowered down and the air-passage goes through the nasal cavity, and the access to the mouth cavity is blocked.English nasal consonants are [m], [n], [n], and the Turkish - [m], [n].
List of nasal stops:
· [m] is a voiced bilabial nasal
· [? ] Is a voiced labiodental nasal (SAMPA: [F])
· [n] is a dental nasal (SAMPA: [n_d]}
· [n] is an alveolar or dental nasal: see alveolar nasal
· [? ] Voiced retroflex nasal, common in Indic languages ??(SAMPA: [n `])
· [? ] Voiced palatal nasal (SAMPA: [J]); is a common sound in European languages ??as in: Spanish? ; or French and Italian gn; or Catalan and Hungarian ny; or Occitan and Portuguese nh.
· [?] voiced velar nasal (SAMPA: [N]), as in sing.
· [? ] Voiced uvular nasal (SAMPA: [N ])
Oral consonants are produced when the soft palate is raised up and the air passage goes through the mouth cavity, and the access to the nasal cavity is blocked.following English consonants are oral [p], [b ], [t], [d], [k], [g], [f], [v], [t], [d], [s], [z], [s], [z], [h], [c], [g], [w], [i], [r], [j]. examined the main criteria we can use to classify consonants from an articulatory point of view, we can now briefly describe the consonant phonemes of English .. The Approximants
. The Glides. There are two sounds in English, [w] and [j], having vowel-like features as far as their articulation is concerned, but which differ from their vowel counterparts [u] and [i] respectively through their distribution, force of articulation and length. When we articulate a glide the articulatory organs start by producing a vowel-like sound, but then they immediately change their position to produce another sound. It is to the gliding that accompanies their articulation that these sounds owe their name. As we have seen earlier, precisely because of their ambiguous nature they are also called semivowels or semiconsonants. Unlike vowels, they cannot occur in syllable-final position, can neve...
