t. May I take your pen? Yes, you may. Must I do it? No, you needn't.
The most difficult point of English grammar is the article because it is completely strange to Russian-speaking pupils. The use of the articles and other determiners comes first in the list of the most frequent errors. Pupils are careless in the use of "these tiny words" and consider them unimportant for expressing their thoughts when speaking English.
English grammar must begin, therefore, with pupils 'learning the meaning of these structural words, and with practice in their correct use. For example: This is a pen. The pen is red. This is my pen and that is his pen.
PART 4 ​​TYPES OF EXERCISES FOR THE ASSIMILATION OF GRAMMAR
1.1 Recognition exercises
These exercises are the easiest type of exercises for pupils to perform. They observe the grammar item in structures (sentence patterns) when hearing or reading. Since pupils only observe the new grammar item the situations should be natural and communicative. For example:
- Listen to the sentences and raise your hands whenever you hear the verbs in the Past Simple.
Mike lives in Pushkin Street. I lived there last year. Ann gets up at 7 o'clock in the morning. She got up at half past seven yesterday. Etc. p> It is desirable that sentences formed should concern real situations and facts.
Pupils listen to the teacher and raise their hands when they hear a verb in the Past Simple. The teacher can see whether each of his pupils has grasped the sentence.
- Read the sentences and choose the correct form of the verb. The following sentences may be suggested:
I (go, we nt) to school yesterday.
Tom (takes, took) a bus when he goes to school.
She (got, gets, gets) up at 7 o 'clock every day.
Pupils should read the sentences and find the signals for the correct choice of the form. Since the necessary form is suggested in each sentence they should only recognize the one they need for a given context.
Recognition exercises are indispensable as pupils retain the grammar material through auditory and visual perception. Auditory and visual memory is at work. p> 1.2 Drill exercises
They are more completed as they require reproduction on the part of the pupils. In learning a foreign language drill exercises are indispensable. The learners cannot assimilate the material if they only hear and see it. They must reproduce it both in outer and inner speech. The more often they say it the better they assimilate the material. Though drill exercises are those in which pupils have only one difficulty to overcome, they should also be graded:
- Repetitive drill. Pupils pronounce the sentence pattern after the teacher, in imitation of the teacher, both individually and in unison. For example:
Teacher: They are dancing in the park.
Class: They are dancing in the park.
Individuals: They are dancing in the park.
Or pupils listen to the dialogue and say it after the speaker.
-Is Ann dancing now?
-No, she isn't.
-What is she doing?
-She is watching television.
Attention is drawn to the correct pronunciation of the sentence pattern as a sense unit, as a statement (sounds, stress, and melody).
- Substitution. Pupils substitute the words or phrases in a sentence pattern. For example:
The children are dancing in the park.
The children are dancing in the garden.
The children are dancing in the street.
The children are dancing in the yard.
The children are dancing in the hall.
The children are dancing after classes.
The children are dancing at the party.
A pupil substitutes a phrase, the rest may say it in unison. Then they are invited to replace the word dancing with other words.
They are singing in the park. p> They are working in the park. p> They are walking in the park. p> They are playing in the park. p> They are running in the park. p> They are talking in the park. p> They are watering flowers in the park. p> They are planting trees in the park. p> They are helping the workers in the park.
The use of a particular verb is stimulated with pictures (or a Russian word). Quick revision is achieved with a small expenditure of effort. In this way they review many words and phrases. As pupils have only one difficulty to overcome the work does not take much time. Or pupils are invited to replace the words in the dialogue with those given in columns (see the dialogue above).
There is one more advantage in performing this type of exercises-pupils consolidate the grammar item without thinking about it. They think of the words, phrases, but not of the form itself, therefore, involuntary m...
