the unwound region of oriC. The sixth part is the «GINS», which describes the main function of the GINS complex. The seventh part is the «Primase», which describes the short oligonucleotide, that required for the synthesis as a primer. The eighth part is the «Single-stranded DNA binding protein», which describes an important factor to protect the unwound single-stranded DNA from nuclease attack, chemical modification, and other disruptions during the DNA replication and repair processes. The ninth part is the «DNA polymerase», which describes a fundamental ability of DNA polymerases. The tenth part is the «PCNA and RFC», which provides an understanding of the functions of these protein structures. The eleventh part is the «DNA ligase», which describes how this enzyme to catalyze phosphodiester bond formation via three nucleotidyl transfer steps. The twelfth part is the «Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1)», which describes a function of that structure. The thirteenth part is the «Summary and perspectives», in which describes application of this knowledge. sources for this chapters were the excerpts from two books: «The mechanisms of DNA replication» and «Biochemical Pathways: An Atlas of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Second Edition ». Of the reasons why I chose this material for the translation was that the researching of the molecular mechanism of DNA replication is a central theme of molecular biology, and now archaeal organisms became popular in the total genome sequencing age, and most of the DNA replication proteins are now equally understood by biochemical characterizations.
Now I would like to describe the translation process and the different translation techniques, that I used. In the first instance, some words and verbal constructions have the strictly identified value in the field of biology. There are some simple words ( eukaryote - еукаріоти, polymerase - полімераза, genom - геном ) and some word combinations ( domain of life - домен життя, pronein factor - протеїновий фактор, initiation factor - фактор ініціації ). Sometimes while translating a text I had should to use concretization ( Some other protein factors may function in various archaea, for example a protein that is distantly related to eukaryotic Cdt1, which plays a crucial role during MCM loading in Eukaryota, exists in some archaeal organisms, although its function has not been characterized yet - Деякі інші білкові фактори можуть діяти у різних архей, наприклад білок, віддалено пов'язаний з еукаріотичної Cdt1, який відіграє вирішальну роль під час комплектації MCM у еукаріот, існує у деяких архей, хоча його функції ще не були охарактеризовані ). I also employed Interpretation when we had to refuse from the literal translation in order to make the Target Text transparent ( A characteristic of the oriC is the conserved 13 bp repeats , as predicted earlier by bioinformatics, and two of the repeats are longer and surround apredicted DUE (DNA unwinding element) with an AT-rich sequence in Pyrococcus genomes - ORIC є збереженими повторами 13 зв'язуючих білків , як передбачено раніш...
