е біоінформатики, і два з повторів більше і оточують передбачуваний DUE (елемент розкручування ДНК) з AT-багатих послідовностей в геномах Pyrococcus ). used more of the translation techniques, but describe them here does not seem possible. So, in the end, I would like to say, that I have got a great experience in understanding the issues that concern that field of biology. Thus, I not only improved my biological skills, but also gained the experience needed to improve my knowledge, as all the latest biological discoveries are always published in English. And now I have the opportunity to review and analyze the issues published without waiting for the translation.
English textReplication in Archaea, the Third Domain of Life
1. Introduction
The accurate duplication and transmission of genetic information are essential and crucially important for living organisms. The molecular mechanism of DNA replication has been one of the central themes of molecular biology, and continuous efforts to elucidate the precise molecular mechanism of DNA replication have been made since the discovery of the double helix DNA structure in 1953. The protein factors that function in the DNA replication process, have been identified to date in the three domains of life (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Stage of DNA replication
Archaea, the third domain of life, is a very interesting living organism to study from the aspects of molecular and evolutional biology. Rapid progress of whole genome sequence analyses has allowed us to perform comparative genomic studies. In addition, recent microbial ecology has revealed that archaeal organisms inhabit not only extreme environments, but also more ordinary habitats. In these situations, archaeal biology is among the most exciting of research fields. cells have a unicellular ultrastructure without a nucleus, resembling bacterial cells, but the proteins involved in the genetic information processing pathways, including DNA replication, transcription, and translation, share strong similarities with those of eukaryotes. Therefore, most of the archaeal proteins were identified as homologues of many eukaryotic replication proteins, including ORC (origin recognition complex), Cdc6, GINS (Sld5-Psf1-Psf2-Psf3), MCM (minichromosome maintenance), RPA (replication protein A) , PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen), RFC (replication factor C), FEN1 (flap endonuclease 1), in addition to the eukaryotic primase, DNA polymerase, and DNA ligase; these are obviously different from bacterial proteins and these proteins were biochemically characterized. Their similarities indicate that the DNA replication machineries of Archaea and Eukaryota evolved from a common ancestor, which was different from that of Bacteria. , The archaeal organisms are good models to elucidate the functions of each component of the eukaryotic type replication machinery complex. Genomic and comparative genomic research with archaea is made easier by the fact that the genome size and the number of genes of archaea are much smaller than those of eukaryotes.
The archaeal replication machinery is probably a simplified form of that in eukaryotes. On the other hand, it is also interesting that the circular genome structure i...
