n, regardless of its formal resemblance to original utterance as far as the formal structure is concerned. Conveying textual effect of the original is the final objective to which a translator aspires, "A text is a whole entity, to be translated as a whole".
2. Practical part
.1 Historical text
all the varieties of English which have developed within the British Isles, there are none more distinctive or more divergent from standard English than some of those associated with Scotland. Indeed, the extent of the divergence in one of these varieties has led a well-established use of the label, the 'Scots' language, and to the spirited defense of all that such a label stands for. It is argued that Scots differs from the regional dialects of England in two crucial ways. It is unique because it was once variety used, in the Late Middle Ages, when Scotland was an independent nation; and it is unique because it has a clearly defined history of its own, with a strong literary tradition beginning in Middle Ages, it is own dialect variants, its own 'golden age' and period of decline, a modern literary renaissance, and a contemporary sociolinguistic stature which other dialects of British English do not share. There are many more Scottish expressions in current use in any dialect of England. The term 'dialect island' is sometimes used to capture the character of the Scottish situation.people of Scotland are generally far more aware of the distinctive character of their speech and writing, take it far more seriously, and argue about standards of usage in it far more forcibly than in the case of speakers of regional dialects to the south. A representation of a regional dialect often appears in print only for jocular or folklore purposes; this is not so in Scotland, where there is in addition a strong and respected tradition of academic linguistic study, societies devoted to the furtherance of Scots as a language, and a growing corpus of written material in one or other of its varieties. For example, Scots has received far more lexicographic description than other regional British varieties, with such major publications as John Jamieson's Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish language (1808, 1825) and the present-day Scottish National Dictionary (1976). The Association for Scottish literary Studies has an active Language Committee. And the Scots language Society's journal, Lallans begun in 1973, presents material in prose which extends the range of the language to well beyond the literary uses to which it has largely been put in recent years.: p align="justify"> З усіх можливих варіацій англійської мови, які розвивалися на Британських островах, немає жодного такого особливого і розходиться зі стандартним Англійським, мови як шотландський. І справді ступінь поширення цих розбіжност...
