thers (7, 18p.).
Anita Naciscione, also has a peculiar thought about mostly Russian term phraseological unit, here it is: In parallel (to the term idiom), the term phraseological unit has in increasingly been used in phraseological research (for example, Fedulenkova 2003; Arsentyeva 2005; Mena Martinez 2006; Fiedler 2007; Szerszunowisz 2008) .The term phraseologism is mostly used in research written in German (for example, Dobrovol skiy 1980, Bass 2003) .Both terms have been widely used by phraseologists in Eastern Europe for more than half a century. I would argue for the term phraseological unit, and here I would like to make it clear that I do not consider that idioms form a subset of phraseological units. According to Kunin, a phraseological unit is a stable combination of words with a fully or partially figurative meaning ... Kunin s definition includes two inherent properties of phraseological units: stability and figurative meaning, which differentiate these units from free word combinations and set expressions, which are stable word combinations of non-phraseological character (Kunin, 1996). Kunin s understanding of phraseological units also embraces proverbs. I follow Kunin in including proverbs in the phraseological stock of language. Indeed, the study of proverbs has established itself into a separate discipline - paremiology. As a scholarly subject, paremiology has a far longer tradition in comparison with phraseology. However, I would argue that from the linguistic point of view proverbs belong to phraseology for the following reasons. Semantically, they comply with the two main categorical requirements: stability and figuration. Syntactically, they feature sentence structure and they never exceed sentence boundaries in their base form. Stylistically, the functioning of proverbs presents a great variety of patterns of stylistic use, the same as in other types of phraseological units. (7, 19-20p.).
The confusion in the terminology reflects insufficiency of positive or wholly reliable criteria by which phraseological units can be distinguished from the word-groups. It should be pointed out that the freedom of the free word-groups is relative and arbitrary. Nothing is entirely free in speech as its linear relationships are governed, restricted and regulated, on the one hand, by requirements of logic and common sense and, on the other, by the rules of grammar and combinability. One can speak of a black-eyed girl but not of a black-eyed table. Also, to say the child was glad is quite correct, but a glad child is wrong because in Modern English glad is attributively used only with a very limited number of nouns (eg glad news), and names of persons are not among them. (8, 273p.).
The Russian scholars use the term Phraseology to describe a special branch of linguistics. But in English and American linguistics no special branch of study exists, and the term phraseology has a stylistic meaning. Traditionally phraseological units are defined as non-motivated word-groups that can not be freely made up in speech, but are reproduced as ready-made units. It is a group of words whose meaning can not be deduced by examining the meanings of the constituents (3, 99p.). The essential features of phraseological units are:
a) lack of semantic motivation;) lexical and grammatical stability.far as semantic motivation is concerned phraseological units vary from motivated (by simple addition of denotational meaning) like a sight of sore eyes and to know the ropes, to partially motivated (when only one of the words is used in figurative meaning) or to demotivated (completely non-motivated) like tit for tat, red tape.stability is based upon:
. The stability of use;
. The stability of meaning;
. Lexical stability;
. Syntactic stability;
. Rhythmic characteristics, rhyme and imagery (8, 272-274p.)., to use phraseological units properly we should study its characteristics carefully. It is especially important in the research because it is impossible to work with different resources without knowing the difference between various approaches to the definition of the phraseological unit in different countries and their linguistics. The proper definition gives the way to the proper research.
1.2 Different approaches to the classification of phraseological units
A phraseological unit is a complex phenomenon with a number of important features, which can therefore be approached from different points of view. Hence, there exist a considerable number of different classification systems devised by different scholars and based on different principles. Semantic approach stresses the importance of idiomaticity, func...
