read, say, send, steps, while, make use of such the fancy as: request. in view of the fact that, prior to, is of the opinion, implement, be conductive to, emanate, information which is of a confidential nature, comes into conflict with, give consideration to, clarify, make a donation of, in the event of, in the position, as regards, make inquiry regarding, a large (considerable, sizable, substantial) number of, a considerable (sizable) quantity of, at the present time, frequently, in a great number of instances, with regard to , with respect to, concerning, reaction (to), peruse, indicate, communicate, transmit, appropriate (positive) measures, during such time as.the United Nations as well as in some other countries many fancy words have prevailed.documents should be logical, official, precise and stereotypical. Therefore, their language is impersonal. They are characterized by absence of any emotions, stylistic devices and expressive means. But there is a huge dump of worn-out metaphors which have lost all evocative power and are merely used because they save people the trouble of inventing phrases for themselves. Moreover, using stale (dead) metaphors, similes, idioms the author leaves vagueness in the meaning (eg: iron resolution, toe the line). [25] need to remember that much of our information about politics, governmental activities, business conditions, and foreign affairs comes to us selected and slanted. Slanting may be defined as the process of selecting (1) knowledge - factual and attitudinal; (2) words; and (3) emphasis, to achieve the intention of the communicator. Slanting is present in some degree in all communication: one can slant for (favorable slanting), slant against (unfavorable slanting) or slant both ways (balanced slanting). [8, p. 250] the whole, grammar of any diplomatic document may be characterized as rather simple and formal. Simple here means lack of diversity of variants which occurs in every document which is not legal. As for the grammar tenses which are used in agreements, the most widespread are the Indefinite and the Perfect tenses, both in the Active and Passive Voices.may also notice the insistent use of shall with the third person which expresses not the will of the grammatical subject, but the will, determination of the undersigned regarding the subject.of the most striking features of diplomatic documents is a wide use of verbals. The system of non-finite forms of the verb comprises the infinitive, the -ing-form and the participles. [2, p. 31] .typical syntactical features of diplomatic documents (except letters) are the predominance of extended simple sentences and complex sentences, abundant use of participial constructions (as in the preamble), the tendency to separate the subject and the predicate, profusion of homogeneous members. Like in legal documents, there is an expressed tendency to avoid anaphorical pronoun reference and to repeat compound terms in full (the Secretary-General of the United Nations, and not he or the Secretary-General). These traits are dictated by the necessity of the transparence of meaning, elimination of all possible ambiguity, and avoidance of the wrong interpretation of the document, which may cause undesirable consequences. [12, p. 89] other notable features of diplomatic correspondence one may mention the use of abbreviations. Examples: .C.- Private Counsellor.S.V.P.- Reponder, s il vout plait (meaning, Please reply) Rsvp.f.- Pour feliciter (meaning Congratulation) .r.- Pour remercier (meaning Thanks) .c.- Pour condolence (meaning Condolences) - Ambassador- Consular General- Political Section and etc. [20] the use of text-processing in the preparation of correspondence, underlining is replaced by the use of italics or boldface.should be used for the subjects of memoranda and for headings in the text.should be used for the following:
the titles of books, periodicals, newspapers, films, plays and television;
the names of vessels and airplanes;
certain mathematical indications;
the titles of laws, decrees and the like in foreign languages;
non-English words other than those generally considered to have been adopted into the language. [16, p. 43], formal style of English has such main features as conventionality of expression, absence of emotiveness, encoded character of the language and general syntactic mode of combining several ideas within one sentence. All that is revealed in texts of contracts through their vocabulary, grammar and style.
1.2 Types of diplomatic documents
Official diplomatic documents have many different forms. A considerable part includes documents that are of a purely intradepartmental nature. Another category consists of diplomatic documents through which official internationa...
