"> Summary
has been hypothesized that sounds which are less perceptible are more likely to be altered than more salient sounds, the rationale being that the loss of information resulting from a change in a sound which is difficult to perceive is not as great as the loss resulting from a change in a more salient sound. are 24 consonants in the English language. The Turkish language has 20 consonant phonemes. There are 13 consonants that are the same in both languages. Among them are [b], [c], [d], [f], [k], [l], [m], [n], [p], [r], [t], [v] and [z]. are 3 consonants which do not exist in the Turkish language. They are [q], [w] and [x]. Instead, these are transliterated into Turkish as [k] [v], and [ks], respectively. there 3 consonants which are added in the Turkish alphabet. They are [? ], [? ], [? ].
Conclusion
analyzed the consonant sounds and having found some similarities and differences between consonant sounds of English and Turkish language we can come to the following conclusions:
) [p, b] are forelingual, bilabial, apical alveolar stops [t, d], backlingual, velar [k, g] produced with the back part of the tongue against the soft palate.
[p, t, k] are strong or fortis as they are pronounced with more muscular energy and a stronger breath effort than [b, d, g] which are weak or lenis.
[p, b] are occlusive, plosive, bilabial; [P] is strong and voiceless, [b] is weak and voiced, in final position it is partly devoiced.
[t? ] is a fortis, voiceless, palato-alveolar affricate
[? ] Is a fortis, voiceless, alveolar fricative
[f, v] are constrictive fricative, labio-dental; [F] is strong and voiceless; [V] is weak and voiced, in the final position it is partly devoiced.
[? ,? ] Are fore-lingual, apical, interdental, articulated with the tip of the tongue projected between the upper and the lower teeth; [S, z; ? ,? ] Are forelingual, apical alveolar, produced with the tip of the tongue against the teeth ridge; [H] is glottal, made in the glottis.
[t, d] are occlusive, plosive, forelingual, apical, alveolar; [T] is strong and voiceless, [d] is weak and voiced, in final position it is partly devoiced.
[z] is a lenis alveolar fricative, as in zahmet trouble, difficulty, zan guess, supposition. It is fully voiced in word-medial positions, as in guzel beautiful, taze fresh, and partially or completely devoiced in word-initial and final positions, as in basit simple. [S, z] are constrictive fricative, forelingual, apical alveolar, [s] is strong and voiceless, [z] is weak and voiced, in final position it is partially devoiced.
) There are only two affricates in English: [? ,? ]. In Turkish we have [? ,? ]. They are occlusive-constrictives because a complete obstruction to the stream of air is formed and it is released slowly, with friction, [? ,? ] Are bicentral. They have two narrowings, both flat, the second focus being between the front part of the tongue and the hard palate (front secondary focus).
[? ,? ] Are palato-alveolar, forelingual apical.
[? ] Is strong (fortis), [? ] Is weak (lenis).
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