y"> s beliefs and expectancies about his or her ability to perform a specific task effectively. There are four sources of task - specific self - efficacy: prior experiences, behavior models (witnessing the success of others), persuasion from other people, and assessment of current physical and emotional capabilities. Managers can help employees develop self - efficacy. The strongest way for an employee to develop self-efficacy is to succeed at a challenging task. Managers can help by providing job challenges, coaching and counseling for improved performance, and rewarding employees achievements. Research has indicated that women and minorities tend to have lower than average self - efficacy.
. Describe three major functions of goal setting
setting is the process of establishing desired results that guide and direct behavior. Goals help crystallize the sense of purpose and mission that is essential to success at work. Priorities, purpose and goals are important sources of motivation for people at work, often leading to collective achievement, even in difficult times. br/>
. Describe 360 ​​degree feedback
degree feedback is a process of self-evaluation and evaluations by a manager, peers, direct reports, and possibly customers. organizations use 360-degree feedback as a tactic to improve the accuracy of performance appraisals because it is based on multiple sources of information. Two recommendations have been made to improve the effectiveness of the 360-degree feedback method. The first one is to add a systematic coaching component to the 360-degree feedback. By focusing on enhanced self-awareness and behavioral management, this feedback-coaching model can enhance performance as well as satisfaction and commitment, and reduce intent to turnover. The second one is that the performance feedback component of the 360-degree appraisal be separated from the management development component. The feedback component should emphasize quantitative feedback and performance measures, while the management development component should emphasize qualitative feedback and competencies for development. br/>
. Discuss the Dell study, and the major issues surrounding finding and retaining women in management, including glass ceiling
issues surrounding finding and retaining women in management:
В· Glass ceiling - a transparent barrier that keeps woman from rising above a certain level in organizations;
В· Women receive lower level of benefits, than man, because salaries for woman persist at a level of 78% of their male counterpart s earnings.
В· Women are responsible for m...
