short-term profit. Critics argue that CSR takes away aside from a fundamental economic role of business; one claim that it no other than reality embellishment; others say that it is attempt to change a government role as the controller of powerful multinational corporations.
2.1 History of CSR
term CSR traces the roots back in the 50th years of the XX century when the American scientist H. Bowen for the first time mentioned this perspective in the book Social Responsibility of the Businessman raquo ;, having noted need of inclusion of a number of social problems to the sphere of responsibility of business. Further intensive economic development of the countries, growth of influence of business as a whole, significantly increased interest to a question of responsibility of business, its place and a role in social and economic life of society.a broad sense is an influence of business on society. The organizations which operate in the field of corporate social responsibility, define this concept differently. At the beginning of the formation as social responsibility understood only policy of relationship with workers, timely payment of a salary, payment of taxes.the early seventies the largest companies of the USA and the developed West European countries realized the social responsibility, having decided to develop uniform values ??in relationship with employees and enterprise environment. Now there is a set of treatments of the concept" corporate social responsibility.to the most widespread, CSR - is the concept within which the companies on a voluntary basis integrate social and ecological policy into business activities and their relationship with all circle of the organizations connected with the company and people.this definition, it should be noted that CSR includes:
· responsibility of the company in relationship with partners;
· responsibility concerning consumers;
· responsibility concerning the employees;
· ecological responsibility of the company;
· responsibility of the company before the society
2.2 Types of CSR
also should be noted that complexity in definition of CSR results from a multi-levelness of a basic component of the term - responsibility. The general meaning of the word responsibility - Is a duty to be responsible for acts and actions, and also their consequences. As responsibility also understand consequences for the subject in case of violation of the established requirements by it. Proceeding from the last approach, for character of sanctions, responsibility can be parted on legal, material, moral etc. In the majority of modern approaches of CSR refer to ethical category and consider as moral responsibility which in turn means a conscious and voluntary choice of the subject of this responsibility. Despite a set of distinctions in concept CSR definitions, these principles are put in the majority of them.has to include two types of responsibility: obligatory and voluntary. Voluntary responsibility assumes participation of the organization in any socially significant projects which are not concerning directly the sphere of its action and not having relations to results of its influence on ecological and social sphere. Obligatory responsibility means need of the organization to be responsible before society for consequences of the decisions and acts. In relation to social side in CSR it is also possible to allocate two levels: internal responsibility and external responsibility.is possible to refer responsibility of the organization to internal CSR in the sphere of the labor and social labor relations. Labor relations - the relations between the employer and the employee, resulted a consent between them about performance of a certain work by the last, recorded in the employment contract. The social labor relations - the relations between the worker and the employer, aimed at quality providing labor life. Proceeding from these definitions, obligatory internal responsibility is connected with observance of the labor law, organization human development through personnel training, medical insurance etc. It is possible to refer care to voluntary internal responsibility about psycho-physiological health of the employees, expressed in forming of the harmonious relations in collective, assistance in permission of the internal conflicts, granting additional opportunities for maintenance of a good physical form by employees etc.CSR is the responsibility resulting activity of the organization, having consequences for surrounding environment. It is possible to refer need of the organization to be responsible before society for quality of goods delivered by them and services to obligatory external responsibility; the harm ...
