ts: grammatical, stylistic, semantic, functional and so on. text can be studied as a product (text grammar) or as a process (theory of text). The text-as-a-product approach is focused on the text cohesion, coherence, topical organization, illocutionary structure and communicative functions; the text-as-a-process perspective studies the text production, reception and interpretation.
The grammar of the text is the study of texts above the level of the sentence lt; # center gt; 1.2 Basic Units of the Text
Analyzing the structure of the text, linguists identify semantically connected sentence sequences as certain syntactic formations. One of prospective trends in modern text linguistics is describing such syntactic formations, or text units, identifying patterns according to which they are built and studying relations between them. Irrespective of their specific features, all text units are united by their common function - they represent the text as a whole integrally expressing the textual topic.should be noted that there are some scholars who do not recognize the existence of linguistic units beyond the framework of the sentence. This opinion can be explained by the lack of a complete systematic description of linguistic peculiarities of such units.problem of text units has been addressed by numerous scholars both in Russia and abroad. Speaking about Russian linguists, we should mention the works by IR Galperin, OI Moskalskaya, E.A. Referovskaya, Z.Ya. Turaeva, G.Ya. Solganik and others. [9] supra-phrasal unity is a minimal text unit consisting of two or more sentences united by a common topic. In some cases the supra-phrasal unity can coincide with the text if it sa short one, for example, a news item in the newspaper, a miniature story, etc. However, most commonly, the supra-phrasal unity is a component of a larger text. The supra-phrasal unity consists of at least two sentences, it is characterized by topical, communicative and structural completeness and the author s attitude towards what is being communicated. The supra-phrasal unity is a complex semantico-structural unit, the communicative value of which does not equal the sum of meanings of its constituent sentences, it is a new semantico-structural formation.should be noted that sometimes it is not easy to delimit the boundaries of the supra-phrasal unity. In some cases it can coincide with the paragraph (this is especially typical of scientific papers and business documents), while in others the paragraph can be easily divided into several supra-phrasal unity, for example, in fiction and poetry.for the correlation of the supra-phrasal unity and the paragraph, a few decades ago the supra-phrasal unity was considered to be a unit equivalent to the paragraph. In today s text linguistics there are two approaches to this problem. Some scholars still believe that the supra-phrasal unity coincides with the paragraph, or rejecting the term" supra-phrasal unity, consider the paragraph to be a complex syntactic unity.researchers draw a strict demarcation line between the supra-phrasal unity and the paragraph saying that the former is a unit of composition while the latter is a unit of punctuation.the first place, the supra-phrasal unity is essentially a feature of all the varieties of speech, both oral and written, both literary and colloquial. As different from this, the paragraph is a stretch of written or typed literary text delimited by a new (indented) line at the beginning and an incomplete line at the close. [11] the second place, the paragraph is a polyfunctional unit of written speech and as such is used not only for the written representation of a supra-phrasal unity, but also for the introduction of utterances of a dialogue, as well as for the introduction of separate points in various enumerations.the third place, the paragraph in a monologue speech can contain more than one supra-phrasal unity and the supra-phrasal unity can include more than one paragraph.
grammar text linguistics novel
1.3 Main Features of the Text
Texts have both internal and external functions, according to the principals of text linguistics.of the internal function may be referred to as cohesion. This is how the actual words in the text are connected and flow together to create meaning at a sentence level. Texts use devices such as conjunctions, ellipses, and substitution to connect words so that they flow from one sentence to the next. This helps the reader create meaning within the text.is another internal element of text linguistics. This is how the sentences are put together as a whole to create the meaning of the entire text. In other words, while cohesion may look at the individual elements of a sentence, coherence is about how each sentence, paragraph, and the overall t...
