word on the same place on which it costs in the original.of addition:
галузі промисловості - industries;
витрати виробництва - costs;
країни, які не є учасниками угоди (договору, контракту тощо) - non-members;
плани, які зараз обговорюються - the plans which are being discussed.
Examples of omission: the English language two words worth by a number, having the same value, so-called reception of a tautology rather are frequently used. One of these words falls while translating:
не мати сили, бути недійсним - to be null and void.
Antonymous translation
As well as in all other cases described above, so-called antonymous translation pursues the purpose of the translation of expression of idea of ​​the original most adequate and natural to language. So, translating, say, the offer:
S.T. - The troops shall not be used except for emergency.
On the Russian language, we can offer the following variant:
T.T. - Війська повинні використовуватися лише, в крайньому випадку,
The second variant of translation, as against the original, contains denying (shall not be used), though the same idea is transferred, as other lexical elements (only in the first case, except for in the second) play as though В«a leveling roleВ» depending on use or not uses of denying not.antonymous here - only conditional: from the point of view of expression of the general idea any antonymous is not present. Appreciably such antonymous arises due to the various ways of expression of this or that action ratified in languages. It is easy to be convinced of it by the following comparisons:
S.T. - Hang on, please!
T.T. - Не покладайте трубку! p align="justify"> S.T. - Keep off the grass!
T.T. - Не ходіть по газонах! p align="justify"> S.T. - Stay out of the sun!
T.T. - На сонці лежати не можна! p align="justify"> S.T. - Authorized personnel only.
T.T. - Стороннім вхід заборонено. p align="justify"> S.T. - Keep clear of the door!
T.T. - До дверей не притулятися! p align="justify"> Researchers mark, that while translating on Russian antonymous frequently consists in replacement of a negative design affirmative.
S.T. - She wasn't looking too happy.
T.T. - Вигляд у неї був досить нещасний. p align="justify"> S.T. - I couldn't think of anybody to call up.
As a matter of fact, this reception is in this case necessary; if to it to not resort, translation will be not exact. Really,...
